September 12

September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 110 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1213 – Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Battle of Muret.
• 1229 – The Aragonese army under the command of James I of Aragon disembarks at Santa Ponça, Majorca, with the purpose of conquering the island.
• 1609 – Henry Hudson begins his exploration of the Hudson River while aboard the Halve Maen.
• 1683 – Austro-Ottoman War: Battle of Vienna – several European armies join forces to defeat the Ottoman Empire.
• 1814 – Battle of North Point: an American detachment halts the British land advance to Baltimore in the War of 1812.
• 1846 – Elizabeth Barrett elopes with Robert Browning.
• 1847 – Mexican-American War: the Battle of Chapultepec begins.
• 1848 – Switzerland becomes a Federal state.
• 1857 – The SS Central America sinks about 160 miles east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain William Lewis Herndon. The ship was carrying 13–15 tons of gold from the San Francisco Gold Rush.
• 1874 – The District of Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada is founded.
• 1885 – Arbroath 36–0 Bon Accord, a world record scoreline in professional football.
• 1890 – Salisbury, Rhodesia, is founded.
• 1897 – Tirah Campaign: Battle of Saragarhi
• 1906 – The Newport Transporter Bridge is opened in Newport, South Wales by Viscount Tredegar.
• 1910 – Premiere performance of Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 8 in Munich (with a chorus of 852 singers and an orchestra of 171 players. Mahler's rehearsal assistant conductor was Bruno Walter)
• 1919 – Adolf Hitler joins the German Workers Party.
• 1930 – Wilfred Rhodes ends his 1110-game first-class career by taking 5 for 95 for H.D.G. Leveson Gower's XI against the Australians.
• 1933 – Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury, conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.
• 1938 – Adolf Hitler demands autonomy and self-determination for the Germans of the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.
• 1940 – Cave paintings are discovered in Lascaux, France.
• 1940 – An explosion at the Hercules Powder Company plant in Kenvil, New Jersey kills 51 people and injures over 200.
• 1942 – World War II: RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian POWs is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks with a heavy loss of life.
• 1942 – World War II: First day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge during the Guadalcanal campaign. U.S. Marines protecting Henderson Field on Guadalcanal are attacked by Imperial Japanese Army forces.
• 1943 – World War II: Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy, is rescued from house arrest on the Gran Sasso in Abruzzi, by German commando forces led by Otto Skorzeny.
• 1944 – World War II: The liberation of Serbia from Nazi Germany and the Chetniks continues. Bajina Bašta in western Serbia is among those liberated cities. Near Trier, American troops enter Germany for the first time.
• 1948 – Invasion of the State of Hyderabad by the Indian Army on the day after the Pakistani leader Jinnah's death.
• 1952 – Strange occurrences, including a monster sighting, take place in Flatwoods, West Virginia.
• 1958 – Jack Kilby demonstrates the first integrated circuit.
• 1959 – Premiere of Bonanza, the first regularly-scheduled TV program presented in color.
• 1959 – The Soviet Union launches a large rocket, Lunik II, at the moon.
• 1964 – Canyonlands National Park is designated as a National Park.
• 1966 – Gemini 11, the penultimate mission of NASA's Gemini program, and the current human altitude record holder (except for the Apollo lunar missions)
• 1970 – Palestinian terrorists blow up three hijacked airliners in Jordan, continuing to hold the passengers hostage in various undisclosed locations in Amman.
• 1974 – Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, 'Messiah' of the Rastafari movement, is deposed following a military coup by the Derg, ending a reign of 58 years.
• 1974 – Juventude Africana Amilcar Cabral is founded in Guinea-Bissau.
• 1977 – South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko is killed in police custody.
• 1979 – Indonesia is hit with an earthquake that measures 8.1 on the Richter scale.
• 1980 – Military coup in Turkey.
• 1983 – A Wells Fargo depot in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States, is robbed of approximately US$7 million by Los Macheteros.
• 1983 – The USSR vetoes a UN Security Council Resolution deploring the Soviet shooting down of a Korean civilian jetliner on September 1.
• 1988 – Hurricane Gilbert devastates Jamaica; it turns towards Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula 2 days later, causing an estimated $5 billion in damage.
• 1990 – The two German states and the Four Powers sign the Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany in Moscow, paving the way for German re-unification.
• 1992 – NASA launches Space Shuttle Endeavour on STS-47 which marked the 50th shuttle mission. On board are Mae Carol Jemison, the first African-American woman in space, Mamoru Mohri, the first Japanese citizen to fly in a US spaceship, and Mark Lee and Jan Davis, the first married couple in space.
• 1992 – Abimael Guzmán, leader of the Shining Path, is captured by Peruvian special forces; shortly thereafter the rest of Shining Path's leadership fell as well.
• 1994 – Frank Eugene Corder crashes a single-engine Cessna 150 into the White House's south lawn, striking the West wing and killing himself.
• 1999 – Indonesia announces it will allow international peace-keepers into East Timor.
• 2001 – Ansett Australia, Australia's first commercial interstate airline, collapses due to increased strain on the international airline industry, leaving 10,000 people unemployed.
• 2003 – The United Nations lifts sanctions against Libya after that country agreed to accept responsibility and recompense the families of victims in the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103.
• 2003 – In Fallujah, US forces mistakenly shoot and kill eight Iraqi police officers.
• 2005 – Hong Kong Disneyland opens in Penny's Bay, Lantau Island, Hong Kong.
• 2007 – Former Philippine President Joseph Estrada is convicted of the crime of plunder.
• 2008 – The 2008 Chatsworth train collision between a Metrolink commuter train and a Pacific Union Freight Train kills 25 people.
• 2009 – The 9-12 Project organized multiple marches and demonstrations across the USA to protest government spending.

Births

• 1492 – Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino (d. 1519)
• 1494 – King Francis I of France (d. 1547)
• 1575 – Henry Hudson, English explorer (d. 1611)
• 1605 – William Dugdale, English antiquarian (d. 1686)
• 1688 – Ferdinand Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1731)
• 1690 – Peter Dens, Flemish Catholic theologian (d. 1775)
• 1725 – Guillaume Le Gentil, French astronomer (d. 1792)
• 1740 – Johann Heinrich Jung, German author (d. 1817)
• 1797 – Samuel Joseph May, American Abolitionist (d. 1871)
• 1812 – Richard Hoe, American inventor and industrialist (d. 1886)
• 1818 – Richard Gatling, American weapons inventor (d. 1903)
• 1830 – William Sprague IV, American politician (d.1915)
• 1852 – H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1928)
• 1855 – Simon-Napoléon Parent, Canadian politician (d. 1920)
• 1875 – Matsunosuke Onoe, Japanese actor (d. 1926)
• 1880 – H. L. Mencken, American journalist and author (d. 1956)
• 1888 – Maurice Chevalier, French singer and actor (d. 1972)
• 1891 – Pedro Albizu Campos, advocate for Puerto Rican independence (d. 1965)
• 1892 – Alfred A. Knopf, American publisher (d. 1984)
• 1895 – Freymóður Jóhannsson, Icelandic artist (d. 1973)
• 1897 – Irene Joliot-Curie, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1956)
• 1898 – Salvador Bacarisse, Spanish composer (d. 1963)
• 1898 – Ben Shahn, Lithuanian-born American artist (d. 1969)
• 1901 – Ben Blue, Canadian actor and comedian (d. 1975)
• 1901 – Shmuel Horowitz, Russian-born Israeli agronomist (d. 1999)
• 1902 – Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, President of Brazil (d. 1976)
• 1907 – Louis MacNeice, Irish poet (d. 1963)
• 1909 – Donald MacDonald, O.C., LL.D. former president of the Canadian Labour Congress and politician (d. 1986)
• 1913 – Jesse Owens, American athlete (d. 1980)
• 1913 – Eiji Toyoda, Japanese industrialist
• 1914 – Rais Amrohvi, Pakistani poet and psychoanalyst (d. 1988)
• 1914 – Desmond Llewelyn, Welsh actor (d. 1999)
• 1915 – Frank McGee, American journalist (d. 1974)
• 1916 – Tony Bettenhausen, American race car driver (d. 1961)
• 1917 – Pierre Sévigny, Canadian politician (d. 2004)
• 1921 – Stanisław Lem, Polish writer (d. 2006)
• 1922 – Ellen Demming, American actress (d. 2002)
• 1922 – Mark Rosenzweig, American brain researcher (d. 2009)
• 1925 – Stan Lopata, American baseball player
• 1928 – Ernie Vandeweghe, Former football,basketball,and baseball player
• 1931 – Sir Ian Holm, English actor
• 1931 – George Jones, American singer
• 1933 – Tatiana Doronina, Russian actress
• 1934 – Glenn Davis, American athlete (d. 2009)
• 1934 – Jaegwon Kim, Korean-born American philosopher
• 1937 – George Chuvalo, Canadian boxer
• 1938 – Claude Ruel, French Canadian ice hockey coach
• 1939 – Henry Waxman, American politician
• 1940 – Linda Gray, American actress
• 1940 – Mickey Lolich, American baseball player
• 1940 – Patrick Mower, English actor
• 1943 – Maria Muldaur, American singer
• 1943 – Michael Ondaatje, Sri Lankan-born writer
• 1944 – Leonard Peltier, American activist
• 1944 – Barry White, American singer (d. 2003)
• 1947 – Bjørn Floberg, Norwegian actor
• 1948 – Luis Lima, Argentinian tenor
• 1949 – Irina Rodnina, Russian figure skater
• 1950 – Gustav Brunner, Austrian engineer
• 1951 – Bertie Ahern, Irish politician
• 1951 – Ray Gravell, Welsh rugby union player (d. 2007)
• 1951 – Joe Pantoliano, American actor
• 1951 – Gerald Stano, American serial killer (d. 1998)
• 1952 – Gerry Beckley, American musician (America)
• 1952 – Neil Peart, Canadian drummer and author (Rush)
• 1954 – Adrian Adonis, American professional wrestler (d. 1988)
• 1954 – Jeff Jarvis, American journalist
• 1955 – Peter Scolari, American actor
• 1956 – Barry Andrews, British musician
• 1956 – Sam Brownback, American politician
• 1956 – Leslie Cheung Kwok-wing (張國榮), Hong Kong artist, singer, actor, director (d. 2003)
• 1956 – Ricky Rudd, American race car driver
• 1956 – Walter Woon, law professor and former Nominated Member of Parliament and Attorney-General of Singapore
• 1957 – Rachel Ward, English actress
• 1957 – Hans Zimmer, German composer
• 1958 – Wilfredo Benitez, American boxer
• 1959 – Scott Brown, United States senator from Massachusetts
• 1960 – Stefanos Korkolis, Greek songwriter and pianist
• 1961 – Mylène Farmer, French singer and songwriter
• 1961 – Kathem Al Saher, Iraqi singer
• 1962 – Dino Merlin, Bosnian singer
• 1962 – Amy Yasbeck, American actress
• 1964 – Dieter Hecking, German footballer
• 1965 – Einstein Kristiansen, Norwegian cartoonist, designer and TV host
• 1965 – John Norwood Fisher, American musician
• 1965 – Vernon Maxwell, American basketball player
• 1966 – Darren E. Burrows, American actor
• 1966 – Ben Folds, American musician
• 1966 – Vezio Sacratini, Italian ice hockey player
• 1967 – Pat Listach, American baseball player
• 1967 – Louis C.K., American stand-up comedian, writer, actor, producer and director
• 1968 – Ler LaLonde, American guitarist (Primus)
• 1968 – Paul F. Tompkins, American comedian
• 1968 – Richard Snell, former South African cricketer
• 1969 – Ángel Cabrera, Argentine golfer
• 1969 – James Frey, American writer
• 1969 – Shigeki Maruyama, Japanese golfer
• 1970 – Nathan Larson, American guitarist and composer (Shudder To Think, Hot One)
• 1972 – Jason Statham, English actor
• 1973 – Darren Campbell, British athlete
• 1973 – Ki-Jana Carter, American football player
• 1973 – Martin Lapointe, Canadian hockey player
• 1973 – Paul Walker, American actor
• 1974 – Caroline Aigle, First female French fighter pilot (d. 2007)
• 1974 – Nuno Valente, Portuguese footballer
• 1974 – Jennifer Nettles, American country singer, part of Sugarland
• 1976 – Bizzy Bone (Bryon Anthony McCane), American rapper, (Bone Thugs-N-Harmony)
• 1976 – Maciej Żurawski, Polish footballer
• 1977 – Nathan Bracken, Australian cricketer
• 1977 – Grant Denyer, Australian television personality and TV Host
• 1977 – Jeff Irwin, American musician
• 1977 – James McCartney, British musician and son of ex-Beatle Paul McCartney
• 1977 – Idan Raichel, Israeli musician
• 1977 – David Thompson, English footballer
• 1978 – Elisabetta Canalis, Italian model and actress
• 1978 – Benjamin McKenzie, American actor
• 1978 – Ruben Studdard, American singer
• 1980 – Sean Burroughs, American baseball player
• 1980 – Fernando Cesar de Souza, Brazilian footballer
• 1980 – Gus G., Greek guitarist (Firewind, Dream Evil)
• 1980 – Joe Loeffler, American musician (former bassist for Chevelle)
• 1980 – Josef Vašíček, Czech ice hockey player
• 1980 – Yao Ming, Chinese basketball player
• 1981 – Alan Arruda, Brazilian footballer
• 1981 – Jennifer Hudson, American actress and singer
• 1981 – Staciana Stitts, American swimmer
• 1982 – Nana Ozaki, Japanese model
• 1982 – Zoran Planinic, Croatian basketball player
• 1983 – Carly Smithson, Irish singer
• 1983 – Daniel Muir, football player
• 1983 – Sergio Parisse, Argentina-born Italian rugby player
• 1983 – Clayton Richard, American baseball player
• 1984 – September, Swedish singer
• 1986 – Dimitrios Regas, Greek sprinter
• 1986 – Emmy Rossum, American actress and singer
• 1986 – Joanne Jackson, British swimmer
• 1988 – Amanda Jenssen, Swedish singer

Deaths

• 413 – Marcellinus of Carthage, Christian saint
• 1185 – Andronikos I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1118)
• 1213 – King Peter II of Aragon (b. 1174)
• 1362 – Pope Innocent VI
• 1369 – Blanche of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt (b. 1345)
• 1500 – Albert, Duke of Saxony (b. 1443)
• 1612 – Tsar Vasili IV of Russia (b. 1552)
• 1642 – Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars, French conspirator (b. 1620)
• 1660 – Jacob Cats, Dutch poet, jurist, and politician (b. 1577)
• 1665 – Jean Bolland, Flemish Jesuit writer (b. 1596)
• 1672 – Tanneguy Lefebvre, French classical scholar (b. 1615)
• 1683 – King Afonso VI of Portugal (b. 1643)
• 1691 – John George III, Elector of Saxony (b. 1647)
• 1695 – Jacob Abendana, Spanish scholar (b. 1630)
• 1712 – Jan van der Heyden, Dutch painter (b. 1637)
• 1764 – Jean-Philippe Rameau, French composer (b. 1683)
• 1779 – Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, English politician (b. 1711)
• 1819 – Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Prussian general (b. 1742)
• 1836 – Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German writer (b. 1801)
• 1869 – Peter Mark Roget, British lexicographer (b. 1779)
• 1870 – Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author (b. 1836)
• 1874 – François Guizot, French historian and statesman (b. 1787)
• 1912 – Pierre-Hector Coullie, Cardinal-Archbishop of Lyon (b. 1829)
• 1918 – George Reid, fourth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1845)
• 1919 – Leonid Andreyev, Russian writer (b. 1871)
• 1923 – Jules Violle, French physicist and inventor (b. 1841)
• 1927 – Sarah Frances Whiting, American physicist and astronomer (b. 1847)
• 1929 – Rainis, Latvian poet and playwright (b. 1865)
• 1938 – Prince Arthur of Connaught (b. 1883)
• 1945 – Hajime Sugiyama, Japanese general (b. 1880)
• 1953 – Hugo Schmeisser, German weapons designer (b. 1884)
• 1956 – Hans Carossa, German writer (b. 1878)
• 1956 – Sándor Graf Festetics, Hungarian politician (b. 1882)
• 1961 – Carl Hermann, German physicist (b. 1898)
• 1968 – Tommy Armour, Scottish golfer (b. 1894)
• 1972 – William Boyd, American actor (b. 1895)
• 1977 – Steve Biko, South African anti-apartheid activist (b. 1946)
• 1977 – Robert Lowell, American poet (b. 1917)
• 1981 – Eugenio Montale, Italian poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1896)
• 1986 – Jacques Henri Lartigue, French photographer (b. 1894)
• 1992 – Anthony Perkins, American actor (b. 1932)
• 1993 – Raymond Burr, Canadian actor (b. 1917)
• 1993 – Willie Mosconi, American billiards player (b. 1913)
• 1994 – Tom Ewell, American actor (b. 1909)
• 1994 – Boris Yegorov, Russian cosmonaut (b. 1937)
• 1995 – Jeremy Brett, English actor (b. 1933)
• 2000 – Stanley Turrentine, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1934)
• 2001 – Victor Wong, Chinese-American actor (b. 1927)
• 2003 – Johnny Cash, American singer and guitarist (b. 1932)
• 2008 – Bob Quinn, Australian rules footballer (b. 1915)
• 2008 – David Foster Wallace, American author and essayist (b. 1962)
• 2009 – Norman Borlaug, American agronomist (b. 1914)
• 2009 – Willy Ronis, French photographer (b. 1910)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Ailbe of Emly
  • Guy of Anderlecht
  • Holy Name of Mary
  • Laisrén mac Nad Froích
  • Sacerdos of Lyon
  • September 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Commemoration of the mass hanging of the Saint Patrick's Battalion. (Mexico)
• Defenders Day (Maryland)
• Earliest date on which Programmers' Day can fall, while September 13 is the latest, celebrated on the 256th day of the year. (Russia and programmers around the world)
• National Day (Cape Verde)
• National Revolution Day (Ethiopia)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada